Advocacy strategies and resources
Harm reduction
Harm Reduction
Harm reduction is a way of supporting young people that focuses on keeping them as safe as possible when they engage in risky behaviors. It does not require quitting behaviors right away to make progress. This approach centers on safety and respect. It helps young people think through their options and supports them without judgment. It recognizes that young people involved in the foster care or dependency system may face trauma and stress that contribute to behaviors such as leaving placement, substance use, unsafe sex, unsafe online activity, or self-harm. Harm reduction supports self-determination and builds strong relationships.
How to Advocate
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Real and lasting changes usually happen in steps. Talk with your Case Supervisor to plan on how to support a young person. Encourage engagement with therapeutic or supportive services. Learn about specific behavior and how trauma and stress may play a role. When you work directly with a youth, respond calmly and with empathy when they share about their experiences. Learn what “safety” means to them. Ask open questions and reflect on what you hear back so they feel heard and understood. Recognize readiness for change and trust that small steps are meaningful.
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Use language that shows care for the person’s health and safety. Respect their choices and offer confidence in their ability to make positive changes. One effective method is:
Motivational Interviewing, which helps people think about pros and cons of a behavior without feeling judged. Ask questions like:
What do you like about this behavior?
How does it affect other parts of your life?
What might help you if you decide to change?
Encourage them to identify goals that matter to them and build on their strengths.
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A safety conversation can begin when the youth is willing to talk about what keeps them safe. You might start with: “I care about your safety and want to talk about how you can stay safe.” Examples of safety questions include:
What has helped you stay safe in the past?
What does safety look like to you?
Who can you contact if you feel unsafe?
Help them think about practical steps they can take to stay safe and remind them that you are there to support them consistently.
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Item description
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SAMHSA Harm Reduction Overview – U.S. federal public health information on harm reduction principles and practices that apply to substance use and safety. SAMHSA
National Harm Reduction Coalition – Practical tools and guidance for harm reduction approaches to substance use and safety.
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Center for Young Adult Health and Development – Health information for adolescents and young adults, including harm reduction approaches.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Find Treatment – Search tool for local supportive services.
Harm reduction means supporting youth in ways that reduce risk and keep them safe. It meets them where they are and respects their choices. A CASA’s role is to build trust, listen without judgment, and support safety planning and steps toward healthier futures. Harm reduction does not require perfect behavior to change all at once. It recognizes strengths and focuses on realistic, youth-centered progress.
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